Energy absorbing device for subway vehicle

ABSTRACT

An energy absorbing device for subway vehicle includes a movable anti-climber, a fixed anti-climber, an energy absorbing honeycomb, at least one collapse tube, two sliding-groove assemblies and two guide sliding rails. As the first stage energy absorbing unit of the total structure, the energy absorbing honeycomb directly bears the collision impact transferred from the movable anti-climber. Through the deformation of the energy absorbing honeycomb itself under pressure, the collision kinetic energy transfers into internal energy of deformation and heat, thus realizing the energy absorbing buffering. As the second stage energy absorbing buffering unit, the at least one collapse tube further absorbs the collision energy, thus further buffering and protecting the underframe of the vehicle body, as well as ensuring that the impact energy performs a multistage and serial operation according to a predetermined direction and sequence, thereby ensuring the reliability of operation of the energy absorbing device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201711120230.1, titled “ENERGY ABSORBING DEVICE FOR SUBWAY VEHICLE”, filed with the Chinese State Intellectual Property Office on Aug. 28, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present application relates to the field of anti-collision and energy absorbing device for head car of rail vehicles, and specifically to a front end energy absorbing device for subway vehicle.

BACKGROUND

An anti-collision and energy absorbing device is generally provided at the front end of the head car of rail vehicles. The conventional subway vehicles having an energy absorbing device usually have a structure of the underframe structure of vehicle body and the energy absorbing device being integrally designed. In the above structure, the energy absorbing device and the underframe of vehicle body are formed integrally. When collision occurs at the front end of the rail vehicle, the energy absorbing device and the underframe of the vehicle body bear the impulse of impact together, absorb the impulse and transfer the impulse into strain energy. Meanwhile, the structure of both the underframe of the vehicle body and the energy absorbing device suffer irreversible deformation and damage. Even under the conditions of low speed collisions, the underframe of the vehicle body cannot be replaced or maintained any more. That is, a slight collision may lead to overhaul or scrapping of the vehicle. Thus, the conventional structure form that the underframe of the vehicle body and the energy absorbing device are integrally designed cannot satisfy new requirements of procurement users of trains on safety and maintenance capacity of vehicles.

In order to make the subway vehicles not to be directly scrapped or be overhauled after the collision, especially after the low-speed collision, a device having multi-stage energy absorption is urgently needed to be developed, in which a first-stage energy absorbing unit can be replaced or repaired on the premise that the underframe of vehicle body is not deformed under impact, thereby meeting the requirements of user.

SUMMARY

In order to solve the technical problem that the conventional energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle cannot be replaced separately after the subway vehicle suffers collision, which is caused by the integrated designed underframe structure of vehicle body and the energy absorbing device, an energy absorbing device for subway vehicle is provided according to the present application.

The technical solution used in the present application will be illustrated hereinafter.

The device includes a movable anti-climber, a fixed anti-climber, an energy absorbing honeycomb, at least one collapse tube, two sliding-groove assemblies, and two guide sliding rails. A storage chamber having an opening at a front end of the storage chamber is provided in a middle section of the fixed anti-climber, the energy absorbing honeycomb is inserted into the storage chamber, a rear end of the movable anti-climber and a front end of the fixed anti-climber are connected by two long bolts of the movable anti-climber, and the rear end of the movable anti-climber makes the energy absorbing honeycomb to be retained in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber. The at least one collapse tube is perpendicularly fixed to a rear end of the fixed anti-climber. The two sliding-groove assemblies are symmetrically fixed to outer side walls at left and right ends of the fixed anti-climber. The two guide sliding rail are parallelly disposed at the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climber, and each of the guide sliding rails is slidably connected with one corresponding sliding-groove assembly.

Preferably, the movable anti-climber includes three flat plates, two side upright plates and a middle upright plate. The three flat plates are parallel to each other, forming a flat plate group, and left and right ends of the flat plate group are both fixed to one corresponding side upright plate. Rectangle through grooves are opened in a middle portion of each of the three flat plates, and the middle upright plate successively passes through the respective rectangle through grooves of the three flat plates and is fixed to the three flat plates respectively.

Preferably, at least one row of through holes are opened at a front end of each of the three flat plates.

Preferably, the fixed anti-climber includes: a left anti-collision box; a right anti-collision box; a rear end beam of the storage chamber, which is located between the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box and is used to fix rear portions of opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box; an upper cover plate of the storage chamber; a lower cover plate of the storage chamber; and two sliding-groove fixing seats. A plurality of reinforcing rib plates are respectively arranged on the rear end beam of the storage chamber and arranged in the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box are symmetrical on the left and right. Left and right ends of the lower cover plate of the storage chamber are respectively welded to lower edges of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box of the fixed anti-climber and the right anti-collision box of the fixed anti-climber, and a rear end of the lower cover plate of the storage chamber supports a bottom end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber and is fixed to the bottom end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber. Left and right ends of the upper cover plate of the storage chamber are respectively welded to upper edges of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box, and a rear end of the upper cover plate of the storage chamber covers an upper end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber and is fixed to the upper end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber. The front end of the at least one collapse tube is perpendicularly fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climber.

Preferably, a mounting hole is opened in an upper surface of each of the right anti-collision box and the left anti-collision box and is used to assemble a front end framework of a head car of the subway vehicle, and the energy absorbing honeycomb is in front of the front end framework, and the at least one collapse tube is behind the front end framework, and the two guide sliding rails are fixed to an underframe of a vehicle body of the head car of the subway vehicle.

Preferably, a part of the movable anti-climber is inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber by the rear end of the movable anti-climber.

Preferably, anti-collision strengths of the movable anti-climber, the energy absorbing honeycomb, the fixed anti-climber and the at least one collapse tube decrease in a following sequence: the fixed anti-climber, the movable anti-climber, the at least one collapse tube, the energy absorbing honeycomb.

Preferably, each of the two sliding-groove assemblies includes: an upper module, a lower module, and a plurality of connecting bolts of the sliding-groove. The upper module includes a sliding-groove portion of the upper module and a butting portion of the upper module, and a plurality of threaded blind holes are provided in the butting portion of the upper module, the sliding-groove portion of the upper module has a structure of inverted right-angle step, and the upper module is connected to a transverse outer side wall of the left anti-collision box or the right anti-collision box. An upper surface of the upper module is fixed to the sliding-groove fixing seat on the transverse outer side wall of the left anti-collision box or the right anti-collision box. The lower module includes a sliding-groove portion of the lower module and a butting portion of the lower module, and a plurality of threaded through holes are provided in the butting portion of the lower module, and the sliding-groove portion of the lower module has a structure of right-angle step. The butting portion of the upper module and the butting portion of the lower module are tightly fitted to each other, and the plurality of connecting bolts of the sliding-groove respectively pass through the plurality of threaded through holes in the butting portion of the lower module to be fixed to the plurality of threaded blind holes in the butting portion of the upper module. The sliding-groove portion of the upper module having the structure of inverted right-angle step and the sliding-groove portion of the lower module having the structure of right-angle step are combined together to form an integrated sliding-groove. Rail surfaces of bosses of the two guide sliding rails are respectively inserted into the two sliding-groove assemblies from a horizontal direction, so that the fixed anti-climber is slidable along the two guide sliding rails.

Preferably, thicknesses of the bosses of the two guide sliding rails decrease from front to back, forming a wedge-shaped rail, and when the sliding-groove assembly slides into the guide sliding rail from front to back, a gap between the sliding-groove assembly and the guide sliding rail increases gradually.

Preferably, a trigger force of the at least one collapse tube is at least 1.3 times of a trigger force of the energy absorbing honeycomb, and a maximum energy absorption of the at least one collapse tube is at least 5 times of a maximum energy absorption of the energy absorbing honeycomb.

A method for installing the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle is also provided according to the present application, which includes:

Step 1, respectively fixing rear ends of the two guide sliding rails and a rear end of the at least one collapse tube to the underframe of the vehicle body;

Step 2, inserting the energy absorbing honeycomb and a honeycomb-shaped internal chamber therein into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body;

Step 3, inserting the rear end of the movable anti-climber into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber, such that the front end of the movable anti-creep chamber extends out from the storage chamber; and

Step 4, movably connecting the movable anti-climber with the fixed anti-climber respectively by two long bolts of the movable anti-climber.

The benefit effects of the present applications will be illustrated herein. When the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle suffers a relatively slight impact of an object, the impacting object contacts with the movable anti-climber first. Because the structural strength of the movable anti-climber itself is relatively high, deformation may not occur as a consequence of impact. Thus, the impact energy is not absorbed in a large amount, and is merely transferred to the energy absorbing honeycomb behind the movable anti-climber. In other words, as the first stage energy absorbing buffering unit of the total structure in the present application, the energy absorbing honeycomb directly bears the collision impact transferred from the movable anti-climber. Through the deformation of the energy absorbing honeycomb under pressure, the collision kinetic energy transfers into the internal energy of deformation and heat, thus realizing the energy absorbing buffering. The fixed anti-climber is the main bear structure of the total energy absorbing device, and accommodates the energy absorbing honeycomb and provides a directional support to it. The storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber does not have a cover plate, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance of the energy absorbing honeycomb. The movable anti-climber is longitudinally arranged on the fixed anti-climber by two long bolts of the movable anti-climber, to ensure that the movable anti-climber moves backward only, but cannot move forward. The two long bolts of the movable anti-climber should be disassembled before disassembling the movable anti-climber forward. The fixed anti-climber also transfers a part of the collision kinetic energy backward to the at least one collapse tube disposed at the rear end of the fixed anti-climber. When the collision impact is very strong and is larger than the operation threshold of the collapse tube, the collapse tube will be the second stage energy absorbing unit, which begins synchronous collapse and damping operations to further absorb the collision energy, thus realizing a further buffering and protection of the underframe of the vehicle body, as well as ensuring the impact energy performs a multistage and serial operation according to a predetermined direction and sequence, and ensuring the reliability of operation of the energy absorbing device. Two guide sliding rails ensure the synchronization of the fixed anti-climber to the two collapse tubes, and ensure the two collapse tubes move backward in the longitudinal direction of vehicle body, so as to avoid buckling and failure of one of the collapse tubes due to unsynchronized force.

The device also greatly improves the accuracy of energy absorption of vehicle by adopting the split design of the energy absorbing device and the structure of the vehicle body, and greatly reduces the maintenance cost of the energy absorbing device for the vehicle user.

In addition, the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle in the present application also has advantages such as a simple and useful structure, an easy operation, a low cost, and being convenient for popularization.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the structure of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle in the present application.

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle in the present application.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the energy absorbing device in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle from another perspective angle of view.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the movable anti-climber in the present application.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the honeycomb used in the present application.

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the fixed anti-climber in the present application.

FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of a sliding-groove assembly in the present application.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operations of an energy absorbing device in the present application after collision.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to help one of ordinary skill in the art understand the present application better, the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in the light of the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, should fall within the scope of the present application.

The directional terms of up, down, left, right, front, and back are all based on the direction in which the vehicle travels and are based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. Depending on the drawing, the corresponding positional relationship may also change accordingly. Therefore, the directional terms cannot be understood as an absolute limitation to the scope of protection.

Reference is made to FIGS. 1-2. In the present application, an energy absorbing device for subway vehicle is provided. An example that the energy absorbing device is assembled at the front end of head car will be illustrated hereinafter. The energy absorbing device includes a movable anti-climber 1, a fixed anti-climber 2, an energy absorbing honeycomb 3, at least one collapse tube 4, two sliding-groove assemblies 5 and two guide sliding rails 6. A storage chamber having an opening at the front end is arranged in a middle section of the fixed anti-climber 2, and the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is inserted into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber 2. A rear end of the movable anti-climber 1 and a front end of the fixed anti-climber 2 are connected through two long bolts 7 of the movable anti-climber. The rear end of the movable anti-climber 1 makes the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 to be retained in the storage chamber. The at least one collapse tube 4 is perpendicularly fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climber 2. The two sliding-groove assemblies 5 are symmetrically fixed to outer side walls at the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climber 2. The two guide sliding rails 6 are parallelly disposed at the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climber 2, and each of the guide sliding rails 6 is sliding joint with one corresponding sliding-groove assembly 5.

Preferably, a part of the movable anti-climber 1 can be inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber 1 extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber 2 by the rear end of the movable anti-climber 1.

Preferably, the position of the energy absorbing device relative to other components of the vehicle body may be that: the two guide sliding rails 6 are parallel to the underframe 8 of the vehicle body, and are welded to the underframe; a front end framework 9 and an upper surface of the fixed anti-climber 2 are perpendicular to each other and welded together; the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is in front of the front end framework 9; and the at least one collapse tube 4 is behind the front end framework 9.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle in the present application after being assembled, and shows relative positions of all components. FIG. 3 is another exploded view of the energy absorbing device in the present application. FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle from another perspective view angle. All components of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle in the present application are shown.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the movable anti-climber in the present application. The movable anti-climber 1 includes three flat plates 1-1, two side upright plates 1-2 and a middle upright plate 1-3. Therein, the three flat plates 1-1 are parallel to each other. Both the left and right ends of each flat plate 1-1 are fixed to one corresponding side upright plate 1-2, and these five plates form a first energy absorbing box together. A rectangle through groove 1-1-1 is opened in the middle section of each of the three flat plates 1-1, and the middle upright plate 1-3 is respectively fixed to the three flat plates 1-1 through respective rectangle through groove 1-1-1 of the three flat plates 1-1.

Preferably, at least one row of through holes 1-4 is disposed at the front ends of the three flat plates 1-1 of the movable anti-climber 1. When the head car of the subway vehicle comes across a collision, the movable anti-climber 1 can be disassembled by pulling ropes that penetrate the through holes 1-4 if only the movable anti-climber 1 is damaged while the fixed anti-climber 2 is not damaged, so as to replace the movable anti-climber.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the honeycomb used in the present application. The material of the honeycomb is preferably aluminum. The energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber 2 by the rear end of the movable anti-climber 2, and the front end of the fixed anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber.

FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the fixed anti-climber in the present application. Preferably, the fixed anti-climber 2 includes a left anti-collision box 2-1, a right anti-collision box 2-2, a rear end beam 2-3 of the storage chamber, an upper cover plate 2-4 of the storage chamber, a lower cover plate of the storage chamber 2-5, and two sliding-groove fixing seats 2-6. Multiple reinforcing rib plates are arranged on the rear end beam 2-3 of the storage chamber and in the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right anti-collision box 2-2 in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. Rear portions of a side wall of the left anti-collision box 2-1 and a side wall of the right anti-collision box 2-2 which are opposite to each other are fixed through the rear end beam 2-3 of the storage chamber, and the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right anti-collision box 2-2 are symmetrical on the left and right. The left and right ends of the lower cover plate 2-5 of the storage chamber are respectively fixed to lower edges of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right anti-collision box 2-2. A rear end of the lower cover plate 2-5 of the storage chamber supports a lower end of the rear end beam 2-3 of the storage chamber and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber. The left and right ends of the upper cover plate 2-4 of the storage chamber are respectively welded to upper edges of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right anti-collision box 2-2. A rear end of the upper cover plate 2-4 of the storage chamber covers an upper end of the rear end beam 2-3 of the storage chamber and is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber. The two sliding-groove fixing seats 2-6 are respectively arranged on transverse outer side walls of the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right anti-collision box 2-2. A front end of the at least one collapse tube 4 is perpendicularly fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climber 2. For example, when one collapse tube 4 is provided, the collapse tube 4 can be perpendicularly fixed to the rear end of the rear end beam 2-3 of the storage chamber. When two collapse tubes 4 are provided, the collapse tubes 4 can be respectively perpendicularly fixed to the rear ends of the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right anti-collision box 2-2.

A mounting hole 2-7 may be respectively opened in upper surfaces of the right anti-collision box 2-1 and the left anti-collision box 2-2, so as to assemble the front end framework 9. According to the above description, the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is located in front of the front end framework 9, and the at least one collapse tube 4 is located behind the front end framework 9.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the sliding-groove assembly 5 of the present application. The sliding-groove assembly 5 is fixed to the transverse outer side wall of the left anti-collision box 2-1 or the right anti-collision box 2-2 through the sliding groove fixing seat 2-6. The sliding-groove assembly 5 may include: an upper module 5-1, a lower module 5-2 and multiple sliding-groove connecting bolts 5-3. The upper module 5-1 may include a sliding-groove portion 5-1-1 of the upper module and a butting portion 5-1-2 of the upper module. Multiple threaded blind holes are opened in the butting portion 5-1-2 of the upper module. The sliding-groove portion 5-1-1 of the upper module has a structure of inverted right-angle step. The upper surface of the butting portion 5-1-2 of the upper module is respectively fixed to the sliding-groove fixing seat 2-6. The lower module includes a sliding-groove portion 5-2-1 of the lower module and a butting portion 5-2-2 of the lower module. Multiple threaded through holes are opened in the butting portion 5-2-2 of the lower module. The sliding-groove portion 5-2-1 of the lower module has a structure of right-angle step. The butting portion 5-2-2 of the lower module and the butting portion 5-1-2 of the upper module are tightly fitted to each other. The multiple sliding-groove connecting bolts 5-3 respectively pass through the multiple threaded through holes in the butting portion 5-2-2 of the lower module and are fixed to the multiple threaded blind holes in the butting portion 5-1-2 of the upper module. The sliding-groove portion 5-2-1 of the upper module having the structure of inverted right-angle step and the sliding-groove 5-2-2 of the lower module having the structure of right-angle step are combined together to form an integrated sliding-groove structure. A boss rail surface of the guide sliding rail 6 can be inserted into the sliding-groove structure from the horizontal direction, forming a sliding connection.

The thicknesses of each boss of the guide sliding rail 6 decreases gradually from front to back, forming a wedge-shaped rail. When the sliding-groove assembly 5 slides into the guide sliding rail 6 from front to back, the gap between the sliding-groove component and the guide sliding rail increases gradually, thereby reducing the resistance of sliding friction and thus benefiting the sliding.

The method of fixing may be welding.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the movement of the energy absorbing device in the present application after collision, wherein A shows positions of the movable anti-climber 1 and the fixed anti-climber 2 before collision starts. And B shows positions of the movable anti-climber 1 and the fixed anti-climber 2 after the honeycomb 3 as the first-stage energy absorbing unit completes the energy absorption in the collision process. At this time, the front end of the movable anti-climber 1 and the front end of the fixed anti-climber 2 are flush. C shows positions of the movable anti-climber 1 and the fixed anti-climber 2 after the collapse tube 4 as the second-stage energy absorbing unit completed the energy absorption. At this time, the fixed anti-climber 2 together with the movable anti-climber 1 moves backward along the sliding-groove assembly 5, until the collapse tube 4 is compressed to the maximum degree. The anti-collision strengths of the movable anti-climber 1, the fixed anti-climber 2, the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 and the collapse tube 4 are sequenced in a way that: the fixed anti-climber 2>the movable anti-climber 1>the collapse tube 4>the energy absorbing honeycomb 3. Thus, when collision occurs, sequence that a component absorbs energy or is damaged is the energy absorbing honeycomb 3, the collapse tube 4, the movable anti-climber 1 and the fixed anti-climber 2. The trigger force of the collapse tube 4 is at least 1.3 times of the trigger force of the energy absorbing honeycomb 3, and the maximum energy absorption of the collapse tube 4 is at least 5 times of the maximum energy absorption of the energy absorbing honeycomb 6.

When the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle of the present application is specifically used, the rear ends of the two guide sliding rails 6 and the rear ends of the two collapse tubes 4 are respectively fixed to the underframe of the vehicle body, and the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 and a honeycomb-shaped internal chamber therein are inserted into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber 2 towards the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. Then, the rear end of the movable anti-climber 1 is inserted into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber, thus the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber 2. Finally, the movable anti-climber 1 and the fixed anti-climber 2 are movably connected respectively by two long bolts 7 of movable anti-climber, thus the assembly of the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle of the present application is completed. In the present application, the movable anti-climber 1 and the fixed anti-climber 2 preferably adopt the A588 type high-strength low-alloy carbon steel plate material. The energy absorbing honeycomb 3 preferably adopts the 5A05 type rust-proof alloy provided by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute CO., LTD. The collapse tube preferably adopts the S550MC type structural steel provided by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute CO., LTD. 

1. An energy absorbing device for subway vehicle, comprising: a movable anti-climber, a fixed anti-climber, an energy absorbing honeycomb, at least one collapse tube, two sliding-groove assemblies, and two guide sliding rails, wherein a storage chamber having an opening at a front end of the storage chamber is provided in a middle section of the fixed anti-climber, the energy absorbing honeycomb is inserted into the storage chamber, a rear end of the movable anti-climber and a front end of the fixed anti-climber are connected by two long bolts of the movable anti-climber, and the rear end of the movable anti-climber makes the energy absorbing honeycomb to be retained in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber; the at least one collapse tube is perpendicularly fixed to a rear end of the fixed anti-climber; the two sliding-groove assemblies are symmetrically fixed to outer side walls at left and right ends of the fixed anti-climber; and the two guide sliding rail are parallelly disposed at the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climber, and each of the guide sliding rails is slidably connected with one corresponding sliding-groove assembly.
 2. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the movable anti-climber comprises three flat plates, two side upright plates and a middle upright plate, wherein the three flat plates are parallel to each other, forming a flat plate group, and left and right ends of the flat plate group are both fixed to one corresponding side upright plate; and rectangle through grooves are opened in a middle portion of each of the three flat plates, and the middle upright plate successively passes through the respective rectangle through grooves of the three flat plates and is fixed to the three flat plates respectively.
 3. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 2, wherein at least one row of through holes are opened at a front end of each of the three flat plates.
 4. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the fixed anti-climber comprises: a left anti-collision box; a right anti-collision box; a rear end beam of the storage chamber, which is located between the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box and is used to fix rear portions of opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box; an upper cover plate of the storage chamber; a lower cover plate of the storage chamber; and two sliding-groove fixing seats; wherein a plurality of reinforcing rib plates are respectively arranged on the rear end beam of the storage chamber and arranged in the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body; the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box are symmetrical on the left and right; left and right ends of the lower cover plate of the storage chamber are respectively welded to lower edges of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box of the fixed anti-climber and the right anti-collision box of the fixed anti-climber, and a rear end of the lower cover plate of the storage chamber supports a bottom end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber and is fixed to the bottom end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber; left and right ends of the upper cover plate of the storage chamber are respectively welded to upper edges of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box, and a rear end of the upper cover plate of the storage chamber covers an upper end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber and is fixed to the upper end of the rear end beam of the storage chamber; and the front end of the at least one collapse tube is perpendicularly fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climber.
 5. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a mounting hole is opened in an upper surface of each of the right anti-collision box and the left anti-collision box and is used to assemble a front end framework of a head car of the subway vehicle, and the energy absorbing honeycomb is in front of the front end framework, and the at least one collapse tube is behind the front end framework, and the two guide sliding rails are fixed to an underframe of a vehicle body of the head car of the subway vehicle.
 6. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a part of the movable anti-climber is inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber by the rear end of the movable anti-climber.
 7. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein anti-collision strengths of the movable anti-climber, the energy absorbing honeycomb, the fixed anti-climber and the at least one collapse tube decrease in a following sequence: the fixed anti-climber, the movable anti-climber, the at least one collapse tube, the energy absorbing honeycomb.
 8. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 7, wherein each of the two sliding-groove assemblies comprises: an upper module, a lower module, and a plurality of connecting bolts of the sliding-groove, wherein the upper module comprises a sliding-groove portion of the upper module and a butting portion of the upper module, and a plurality of threaded blind holes are provided in the butting portion of the upper module, the sliding-groove portion of the upper module has a structure of inverted right-angle step, and the upper module is connected to a transverse outer side wall of the left anti-collision box or the right anti-collision box; an upper surface of the upper module is fixed to the sliding-groove fixing seat on the transverse outer side wall of the left anti-collision box or the right anti-collision box; the lower module comprises a sliding-groove portion of the lower module and a butting portion of the lower module, and a plurality of threaded through holes are provided in the butting portion of the lower module, and the sliding-groove portion of the lower module has a structure of right-angle step; the butting portion of the upper module and the butting portion of the lower module are tightly fitted to each other, and the plurality of connecting bolts of the sliding-groove respectively pass through the plurality of threaded through holes in the butting portion of the lower module to be fixed to the plurality of threaded blind holes in the butting portion of the upper module; the sliding-groove portion of the upper module having the structure of inverted right-angle step and the sliding-groove portion of the lower module having the structure of right-angle step are combined together to form an integrated sliding-groove; and rail surfaces of bosses of the two guide sliding rails are respectively inserted into the two sliding-groove assemblies from a horizontal direction, so that the fixed anti-climber is slidable along the two guide sliding rails.
 9. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 8, wherein thicknesses of the bosses of the two guide sliding rails decrease from front to back, forming a wedge-shaped rail, and when the sliding-groove assembly slides into the guide sliding rail from front to back, a gap between the sliding-groove assembly and the guide sliding rail increases gradually.
 10. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 9, wherein a trigger force of the at least one collapse tube is at least 1.3 times of a trigger force of the energy absorbing honeycomb, and a maximum energy absorption of the at least one collapse tube is at least 5 times of a maximum energy absorption of the energy absorbing honeycomb.
 11. A method for installing the energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 6, comprising: Step 1, respectively fixing rear ends of the two guide sliding rails and a rear end of the at least one collapse tube to the underframe of the vehicle body; Step 2, inserting the energy absorbing honeycomb and a honeycomb-shaped internal chamber therein into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body; Step 3, inserting the rear end of the movable anti-climber into the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber, such that the front end of the movable anti-creep chamber extends out from the storage chamber; and Step 4, movably connecting the movable anti-climber with the fixed anti-climber respectively by two long bolts of the movable anti-climber.
 12. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 2, wherein a part of the movable anti-climber is inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber by the rear end of the movable anti-climber.
 13. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a part of the movable anti-climber is inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber by the rear end of the movable anti-climber.
 14. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a part of the movable anti-climber is inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber by the rear end of the movable anti-climber.
 15. The energy absorbing device for subway vehicle according to claim 5, wherein a part of the movable anti-climber is inserted into the storage chamber and the front end of the movable anti-climber extends out from the storage chamber, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is completely closed in the storage chamber of the fixed anti-climber by the rear end of the movable anti-climber. 